Polonnaruwa, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is a captivating historical city in Sri Lanka’s North Central Province. It was the island’s second capital after Anuradhapura, flourishing from the 11th to 13th centuries. The city is renowned for its stunning archaeological ruins, offering a glimpse into ancient Sri Lankan civilization.
Polonnaruwa’s well-preserved ruins include royal palaces, temples, and monumental statues. These landmarks showcase the architectural and artistic brilliance of the era. Highlights include the Gal Vihara rock temple, Parakrama Samudra reservoir, and the remains of the Royal Palace complex.
Historical Significance
Polonnaruwa rose to prominence under King Parakramabahu I, who made significant contributions to the city’s development, including the construction of impressive irrigation systems and extensive architectural works. The city was a thriving center of culture, religion, and administration, showcasing the achievements of ancient Sinhalese kings.
Key Attractions
- Gal Vihara: This rock temple is renowned for its four impressive Buddha statues carved into the granite rock face. The statues, depicting different postures of the Buddha, are masterpieces of ancient Sri Lankan sculpture.
- Parakrama Samudra: An extensive reservoir built by King Parakramabahu I, this large water body was crucial for agriculture and remains an engineering marvel. It offers scenic views and a peaceful environment.
- Royal Palace: The ruins of the Royal Palace provide insight into the grandeur of the ancient royal residence, with its massive brick walls and impressive architecture.
- Polonnaruwa Vatadage: This ancient structure was a religious shrine with a circular design, known for its intricate carvings and historical significance.
- Lankatilaka Temple: A large and impressive temple dedicated to the Buddha, featuring towering statues and elaborate frescoes.
Activities
Visitors to Polonnaruwa can explore the ancient ruins by foot or bicycle, making it easy to traverse the sprawling archaeological site. Guided tours are available for those interested in a deeper understanding of the city’s history and significance. Birdwatching, photography, and leisurely walks around the Parakrama Samudra are also popular activities.
Local Cuisine
Local eateries and restaurants in Polonnaruwa offer traditional Sri Lankan cuisine, including rice and curry, hoppers, and fresh seafood. Visitors can enjoy authentic flavors and experience the local dining culture.
Accommodations
Polonnaruwa provides a range of accommodation options, from budget guesthouses to luxurious hotels. Staying in or near the city allows visitors easy access to the historical sites and other local attractions.
Polonnaruwa is a treasure trove of ancient history and cultural heritage, offering visitors a chance to immerse themselves in Sri Lanka’s rich past. With its well-preserved ruins, stunning architecture, and serene landscapes, it is a must-visit destination for history enthusiasts and travelers seeking a deeper understanding of Sri Lanka’s ancient civilizations.
Highlights of Polonnaruwa
- Ancient Ruins: Explore the well-preserved ruins of Polonnaruwa, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, showcasing the grandeur of medieval Sri Lankan civilization.
- Gal Vihara: Marvel at the impressive rock temple complex featuring massive Buddha statues carved into the granite, a highlight of Sri Lankan art and architecture.
- Parakrama Samudra: Visit the grand reservoir built by King Parakramabahu I, an engineering marvel of the ancient world and a vital part of the city’s water management system.
- Royal Palace: Discover the remains of the Royal Palace, once the residence of Sri Lanka’s kings, offering insights into the opulence of the Chola and Sinhalese kingdoms.
- Vatadage: Admire the circular relic house, a significant religious structure adorned with intricate carvings and once housing sacred Buddhist relics.
- Lankatilaka Temple: Explore this magnificent temple with its towering Buddha image and beautifully decorated walls, an architectural masterpiece of the era.
- Kiri Vihara: Visit this ancient stupa surrounded by a serene atmosphere, showcasing the grandeur and scale of Polonnaruwa's religious structures.
- Galpoththa Temple: See the remains of this once grand temple, known for its significant historical and cultural value.
- Archaeological Museum: Gain deeper insights into the history and significance of Polonnaruwa through artifacts and exhibits housed in the museum.
- Buddhist Monuments: Explore various other Buddhist monuments and stupas throughout the city, each with its unique historical and cultural significance.
